Conservatism Is Merely A Ruling Class Ideology

Conservatism has three strands: Traditional, New Right and Post New right conservatism. It serves in the interest of the rich and powerful and it serves in the interest of every social class, including the poor. Marxists in particular would argue that conservatism is a class based ideology. They would also argue that ideologies reflect the interest of a particular class. Burke was a traditional conservative and he believed in the organic state. Traditional conservatives are motivated by the organic state they believe that the society is a living entity, rather than a mechanism. They consider society as a pyramid and command structure, which serves in the interest of the rich because society is fixed and the rich will always be at the top. Society can never have social equality because of hierarchy. They do not believe in meritocracy and individualism, they believe that society is more important than the individual, therefore they believe in collectivism. People may believe that the ideology is good but in reality it is not because people do not have rights they have duties and conservatives only recognize equality of status. Socialists believe in economic equality, this is the only equality that does not keep people down. Conservatism was reaction against Liberalism (French revolution). Burke was against the French revolution. Disraeli was also motivated by class interest. He introduced One-nation conservatism, which was about keeping social cohesion between the rich and the poor. Disraeli gave the vote to the urban working class male because if he did not the Liberals would have done so. Burke once said that he ‘the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy' meaning that the rich are not happy when the poor are not satisfied. If the poor is not satisfied then there will not be social stability, because there will be a revolution. Burke introduced social reforms to stop a revolution. Randolph Churchill formulated ‘Tory democracy' which stated that in order to gain the support of the working-class they have to develop the empire by making them believe in it. They did not want to do too much for the poor, but rather to help them enough to keep them happy. Conservatives voted against the NHS, which was brought in by Labour, because it is a ruling class ideology. They only decided to accept the NHS because they are pragmatic and they did not believe in nationalized industries because it took power away for the poor. They believed in the mixed economy. They disliked nationalization and wanted to privatize most nationalized businesses. They introduced the minimum wage and it was popular and a vote winner. In 1979, Thatcher became Prime Minister and she also served the interest of the rich. She privatized industries such as British telecom, British railways. Liberal New right believed in and rolling back the state, hence the belief in laissez-faire economics. They believed in the non-interventionist state, that the state will not intervene in the economy to help the poor. For example: the Battle of Orgreaves, the miner's strike; the government refused to subsidize what they called the uneconomic picks. Thatcher setup grant maintained schools which got more money. Schools were a two tier system and the ‘better-off' benefited from this. This basically suggests that Thatcher reeks of the rich. Society was more differential because people had more respect. Disraeli introduced one-nation conservatism, and he was genuinely concerned about the poor, evidenced in his quote, ‘there is a gap between the rich and the poor' and his Crystal Palace speech. Disraeli detested capitalism because it creates inequality and exploits workers. He did what he had to do to stop a revolution, the invention of One-nation. Burke believed in the organic state and this was not just about the rich and the poor, as a traditional conservative he believed that everyone should be valued equally. The whole of the ideology was paternalistic meaning that conservatism like a father cares for the people, not just in the interest of the rich. This is confirmed in the quote, â€Å"Society is a partnership between†¦ † it suggests that we are all valuable. All traditional conservatives believe in social reforms because of the rule of One-nation. In Harold Macmillan's ‘Middle Way' (1938), he advocates the mixed economy. After the WWII, they realized that there was a new way to help the poor by accepting the welfare state, they also accepted Keynesianism by reflate the economy. Conservatives were very Keynes on grammar school, after all Thatcher went to a Grammar school. As Liberal New right Thatcher believed I meritocracy, individualism and embourgeoisement. Individualism means you can make it and meritocracy means that you can make it on merit. For example, selling councils houses; buying it means that it is now our property, owned democracy. People could buy shares, share owning democracy, not just the rich and the powerful, but also the poor. Post-New right, neo-liberal leaders: Hague, Smith, Major, Howard and Cameron, all have business interest. Cameron has adopted and fused neo-liberalism with elements of One-nation. Cameron believes in social responsibility. This means that society has to work together to look after and care for each other, however if we care for each other the government will not help us. For example: Jamie Oliver; it was not the government that improved school dinners. Social responsibility is a way of saying ‘rolling back the state', Cameron uses One-nation rhetoric, though he still wants a smaller state, he does not want to regulate the state. He wants to take politicians out of the NHS. He fused neo-liberal elements and one-nation because he cares about the economy, example targeting families who have to pay child-minders; instead they pay money to family relatives to look after your children. This is One-nation because keeps social cohesion. In 1979, the working-class voted Thatcher in because in 1983, the Conservatives promised that people could buy council houses and Labour said they would nationalize the banks. Thatcher would win because she had taken on the Falklands war and found victory.

Horror Story Example Essay

The girl stumbled and rolled down the grassy hill, pulling her fiance with her. For a few minutes they fell, rolling on top of each other before landing in a heap on the soft sand below. The woman looked at the man below her, affection filling her eyes as she smiled subconsciously. â€Å"What are you smiling at? † He inquired flipping her over so he was on top of her. â€Å"Just wondering if why on earth I’m marrying someone as ugly as you; do you think it’s too late to pull out? † The girl answered giggling. â€Å"Oh really!† Her fiance answered standing up, grabbing the girl’s waist and spinning her around. â€Å"And yes, it is too late to pull out. The wedding is in two days whether you like it or not. † He added defiantly, placing the dizzy woman on the ground. She hiccupped, trying to gain her balance. Her fiance let out a thunderous laugh, she glared at him. â€Å"Don’t laugh at me! It’s your fault! † She groaned, folding her arms across her chest. â€Å"The alcohol’s got to your head then? Oh well, more fun for me! † He said, waggling his eyebrows suggestively. She rolled her eyes and ran in the direction of the sea. â€Å"Race you to the water! † She called over her shoulder childishly. She heard her fiance chuckle from behind her as she reached the water. She started walking further out to sea; her heart skipped a beat as her fiance tackled her to the ground. She yelped, a sudden spark of pain running through her foot. â€Å"Ow! Adam, you’ve made me cut my foot! Thanks! † The woman complained, playfully slapping Adam’s chest. He looked at her, a mischievous glint in his eye. â€Å"Oh, I’m sorry Nicky. Should I kiss it better?† Her fiance asked, grabbing her leg with tender hands. â€Å"No you should not! Help me up and let’s swim! † Nicky said excitedly. Adam lifted her out of the shallow water and carried her the rest of the way out, before very carefully dropping her back into the water. Together they swam around in the salty, inky black sea. Nicky felt a strong force knock her left foot from below her. â€Å"Adam, did you just knock my foot? † She asked him, worried something was under her. â€Å"Nope wasn’t me! I wouldn’t worry about it my love. Nothing out here can hurt you.† He swam over to her, grabbing her hand in his. All thoughts and worries disappeared from thought as they kissed passionately in the moonlight. â€Å"I love you Nicky foster. † Her fiance stated truthfully, gazing into her eyes. â€Å"I lo-â€Å"Suddenly they were pulled under water. Nicky let go of Adams hand and swam to the surface, looking around her frantically for her fiance. She quickly regained her breath before going back under water but he couldn’t see a thing in the murky, dark depths of the sea. Nicky resurfaced. Panic clouding her mind. Unexpectedly a hand rose out of the water, she let out a gasp of shock as she pulled at the hand and screamed, pure horror now coursing through her veins. The object in her hands belonged on her Adam’s arm. The bone was exposed, muscle and flesh was ragged and torn, fresh warm blood was dripping onto Nicky’s hand. Salty tears ran down her face, mixing with the gentle current. She threw the hand into the sea and tried to swim for shore, but her left leg was searing with pain. A wave of nausea passed over her as Nicky, teary eyed and heartbroken felt down her leg. To her utter terror, her leg had been ripped to shreds, blood pulsing from the stub. She panicked, thrashing around in the cold water. Swiftly a great force pulled her under. She could feel her bones being crunched, her organs being squished. The sea around her turned red with her blood. She screamed, only small bubbles of precious oxygen escaping her bloodless lips. She closed her eyes and tried to imagine Adam, the sweet loving man she was going to marry. Instead all she could think of was images of his ripped, lifeless body. These images haunted her to her death.

Cabin Crew

Answers for the Cabin Crew Final Interview by Kara Grand www. FllghtAttendantCentral. Com 2011 Flight Attendant Central. All rights reserved. Welcome to Flight Attendant Central! This special 25 Questions and Answers report is a powerful tool when preparing for your interview. I compiled this list based on the most commonly asked cabin crew final Interview questions. You will find the questions, the guidelines on what your answer should or should not be and a sample answer. Have also Included a blank area at each question where o have the space to fill in your answer as it applies to your experience.I am giving this away to help as many people as I can. I believe that the more you give, the more you receive. The key to success in your cabin crew assessment day is preparation. Knowing what to expect and showing the best you can be are crucial factors in the process. I hope this guide gives you a view into some of the important things you need to think about as you prepare for your fi nal interview. I am also looking forward to sharing a lot more powerful training and information with you! See you up there, Kara Grand Creator, FllghtAttendantCentral 1. Tell me about yourself. Remember to stay professional during your final interview.This question is meant to ask you about your career and detailed work history. It is not about your childhood, home or hobbies. Remember that you are being interviewed for a cabin crew Job, so your response should be focused on the relevant customer service Job experience. Try to keep it short, this question is Just a conversation starter. Do not reveal information that you don't want your future employer to know. SAMPLE ANSWER ‘l have been working for the past 4 years for Company A. I started out as part-time junior sales associate and have been promoted to senior sales associate and most recent to store assistant manager.Meanwhile I graduated from College B with a major in Economical Studies. ‘ YOUR ANSWER www. FlightAtt endantCentral. Com 0 2011 Flight Attendant Central. All rights reserved. 2. Why do you want to work for our airline? Do not go to your interview without doing some research about the company you would like to work for. Browse their website and read the ‘About us' or ‘History sections. The first part of the assessment day consists of a series of informative videos about he airline, how it was created, plans of expansion, financial results, life in their city, career prospects and other relevant information.Take some notes and review them before your final interview. You don't know much about, be honest and tell them so. ‘I know that your company has been one of the fastest growing airlines in the world, with numerous awards won (give some examples here) and openness towards cultural diversity. I would be honored to be part of such an ambitious team. ‘ 3. Tell me about your dream Job. Stay away from a specific Job. If you say another Job, you will give an impre ssion that you might be dissatisfied with he cabin crew Job. If you say cabin crew, then your credibility might be questioned.Talk about the positive aspects that the Job will bring to your life rather than naming a position. ‘My dream Job will give me the opportunity to travel and discover new cultures and interesting people. It is the Job that gets me excited to wake up every day, go to work and constantly learn something new. ‘ 4. Do you work better in a team or alone? This is not an easy question to answer, however it is frequently asked during final interviews. You are interviewing for a cabin crew position. A key requirement for this Job is team- ark. Do not answer ‘It depends on the situation'. L prefer to work in a group, but I also enjoy having a part of the work that is my personal responsibility. ‘ 5. How would your friends or coworkers describe you? Prepare some quotes from your coworkers or friends. Stay focused on the skills and traits that are relevant for the cabin crew Job. Do not get into lengthy stories about your friends or coworkers. ‘Both my friends and coworkers would say that I am a reliable individual. They all know that they can count on me to listen to their problems and try to help them find a solution. Errors he knows because my area was always clean and I never left home before tidying up the days work. ‘ 6. Tell me about a time when you helped someone. Be prepared with some examples of situations when you helped either a customer or a colleague. Stay focused on the required skills for the cabin crew position. Use the names of your colleagues or customers. ‘Mrs.. Smith, a regular guest in our hotel has Just checked in together with her niece and twin babies. We were not informed that the babies will need sleeping cots, so the arrangements have not been done and we only had one cot available.I talked to our manager and explained the situation. We ordered a new cot that was delivered in the same day, so I made sure that the room was arranged, together with complimentary toys and blankets and the schedule of the baby sitter. Both Mrs.. Smith and her niece were very grateful, and my manager also praised my efforts. ‘ 7. Tell me about a time you made a suggestion to improve business. Talk about the time you gave a suggestion that was further used to benefit the company. Do not tell the interviewers about suggestions that were ignored at the time only to be implemented later.If this never happened to you, then answer honestly and focus instead on the efficiency of the company you worked for. ‘In the restaurant I worked we used to have sugar packs on each table. We were consuming a lot of those packages every week. I suggested to my supervisor that we introduce sugar cubes on the trays when we serve coffee or tea. He told me that this cut the sugar consumption in the restaurant by 50% and the new set-up looked nice. ‘ 8. Tell me about the most fun you ever experienced on the Job. Discuss a successful project you enjoyed completing, not the workplace cafeteria ranks.Take this chance to reinforce your team player skills. Keep the answer short and professional. ‘Every December we have a ‘sales person of the year' competition. Last year, the sales associates divided into 2 teams and we had our own competition to see who sells the most. We had great fun making daily charts and posting them for everyone to see. We sold so much that month, we became the best selling store and we were all praised by our manager. ‘ 9. What are your strengths? The interviewer expects you to give examples of how you have excelled in your previous Jobs.Prepare 4 or 5 traits that are relevant for the cabin crew position and be prepared to also give examples of when you displayed these strengths. Talk about your strengths in the area of customer service, team work, communication, attention to detail or problem solving. Do not discuss your strengt hs outside your work area. ‘l am a team player with excellent attention to detail. I provide personalized service to my customers while aiming to go beyond all expectations and ensure that my customers receive the best possible service. I also have the ability to adapt in a fast paced environment. 10. What are your weaknesses? Do not give information which could hurt your professional image or decrease your chances of getting the Job. Disclose a weakness only when you have already taken steps to compensate for it. Describe a challenge a how you overcame it, stating what you learned during the process. Do not say that you have no weakness. ‘l feel that my attention to detail is my weakness. I want everything to be perfect. Sometimes I get so caught up in small details that I forget to see the big picture. Let was pointed out to me and I was able to improve myself.I am now constantly finding says to balance both the details and the overall situation. ‘ 11. Tell me ab out a time when you had to deal with a co-worker who wasn't doing his/ her fair share of the work. What did you do and what was the outcome? Keep your answer professional, short and clear. Focus more on what you did to deal with the situation, rather than how much you positive experience. ‘Sofia was my shift colleague. During lunch service I saw her being slow to take orders and attend to the new customers. I had to step in her area and do part of her work. After the service was over I asked her what was happening.I learned that her ornamented was gravely ill and she Just received the news that morning. I helped her out for the next days until she felt better. She appreciated my willingness to do something for her and we are now working very well together, taking extra work from each other whenever is necessary. ‘ 12. Tell me about a time you misjudged a person. Use an example where you underestimated somebody, rather than an example when you thought that somebody was tr ustworthy and in the end they disappointed you. End your answer with a summary of what your learned from the experience. ‘Our office boy was a very shy and reserved person.One day I started to talk to him and I found out that he was actually an engineer in his country, but came here to provide a better future for his children. He was doing the Job to learn the language better and understand our culture. We became friends and he was even giving me advice with some of the projects I was working on. I told to my manager his story, and after 1 year he was given a chance to interview. Now he is working in the planning department. I learned to never Judge somebody Just by the Job they are doing. ‘ 13. Tell me about a challenge at work you faced and overcame recently.Talk about the complaints you solved, issues you had to organize, conflicts that you had to resolve. Focus on the problem-solving, not on the problem itself. Do not put anybody else in a bad light. ‘We receiv ed a new computer software that would take not only the reservations for the day, but also the customer details, the orders and the home-delivery schedule. It was taking a long time to input all the data while the customers were waiting. I asked the manager to get some training from the IT Company. In only 30 minutes they taught me all the shortcuts and I managed to be efficient when operating it. ‘ 14. Tell me about a time you resolved a

Reflection can mean all things to all people' (Smyth, 1992). What Essay

Reflection can mean all things to all people' (Smyth, 1992). What should reflective practice mean to team leaders in educational services - Essay Example As a result, it is absolutely necessary for these students to be careful in the way they look at their practice. As Larriveea (2009) says, reflective practice has become the de facto method for improving work and it has been used in almost all fields of works from medicine to education. Education leaders and teachers must also be able to use reflective practice as a way to help in improving their work. The principle behind reflective practice is the fact that it is expected to help the worker to pull form his or her work and to think about her works. This then helps he person to be able to improve the way they do work. Reflective practice is also expected to help a person to solve difficult problems that may arise from his day to day work. Leaders in education can use reflective proactive as a way to improve the way teachers are able to help the students to learn. Reflective practice for educational leaders is especially useful in dealing with situations where the teacher may be having problems with one or more students such as student who for one reason or the other is unable to keep up with the rest of the class (Danielson, 2009). Reflective practice is seen to combine some of the best qualities of leadership such as initiative, knowledge, trustworthiness, and action. Reflective practice helps the person to be proactive and to be initiative whenever faced with a dilemma. In education, teachers and educational leaders are faced with constant problems that have predetermined solution. For instance, a teacher may find himself in a situation where the procedures laid out in the curriculum may not be applicable. In such a situation, the teacher may be the one taking the initiative to deal with situation. Additionally, the teacher will need to have knowledge that will help them develop a solution for a certain problem. However, eve as the teacher is being proactive and

Interpersonal attraction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal attraction - Essay Example People whom we are close with and love yet not passionately are meant to be our friends while we became lovers when we come to show and the feeling for passion with the opposite sex, since both of the two people are similar they do have the same feeling and they can commit to love each other but then we cannot be a lover of others when we are committed with this said our love one. Because of Similarity and physical attraction we've coming into socializing with others. Similarity is much happening between friends, like for example they are similar on what they do, like they have the same taste when it comes to dressings and interiors, you both like basketball rather than volleyball, and more. Similarity between others you is widely spread out to all friendships, that's the reason why your friends because you both can understand each other. When it comes to a deeper feeling of affection to the opposite sex will mean of a passionate love. Companionate love is what we felt for our friends as our company ion. We don't give special feelings for them like what we give to a person which we like most, not just a friend but more than a friend. Companionate love is different to passionate love.

The Leadership at Food and Drug Administration Essay

The Leadership at Food and Drug Administration - Essay Example The FDA granted permission to Merck to market rofecoxib (Vioxx) and it generated more than $2.5 billion but surprisingly, the company withdrew the drug as a result of the excess risk of myocardial infarctions and strokes. The responsible people, in this case, did not take appropriate action to safeguard the health concerns of the people through several studies had shown that this drug has side effects in the people involved. Merck and the FDA reneged on their responsibilities to the public which can be regarded as unethical in their health care profession. Â  The traits of Merck, for instance, are oriented towards generating revenue at the expense of the health of the consumers of rofecoxib. He prioritizes commercial interests ahead of the public health concerns. This is shown by his audacity to spend more than $100 million per year in direct-to-consumer advertising. On the other hand, it can be noted that the FDA which could have stopped Merck from using direct-to-consumer advertising as a result of the fact that cardiovascular toxicity was real since it received considerable confirmation in multiple studies did not act decisively. The leadership at FDA and Merck share the responsibility of not taking appropriate action meant to safeguard the interests of public health.

The Observing a Cemetery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Observing a Cemetery - Essay Example I was deeply engrossed in the sweet and soft music of natures’ orchestra while shiny, intricately engraved brass cross stood directly above to guard me against all evils. As l touched the soft flowers and felt the crisp leaves under me, it dawned on me that like never before, my mind is perfectly clear and my thoughts absolutely focused. Grief-stricken by the obvious neglect, l slumped against a tombstone. Thick overgrown grass and weeds surrounded me. The sky above me was misty and overcast and the atmosphere seemed ghastly. The bitter cold autumn wind bit my body irritably. I watched in sadness, a woman weeping at a nearby grave, her sobbing breaking the eerie silence, like an erroneous note in a chorus. From the ruins of a mausoleum, the wrinkled undertaker was constantly staring at me suspiciously with his tired eyes. The air was thick with the unpleasant smell of exposed skeletons. As my realized the gross disrespect and neglect, the cold and stinging arms of guilt grippe d me. The old oak tree looked just like the untendered graves, a heartbreaking failure to provide rightfully owed perpetual care. In anguish, all my senses screamed sorrow and sadness and l could not lift my eyes from the ground. I was deeply resenting coming here and wanted desperately for this disrespect to end. In these two paragraphs, I described a cemetery, a place by and large associated with negative undertones. In the first paragraph, I describe the graveyard in affirmative radiance, focusing on the serenity, tranquility, and beauty, while in the second I cast a negative shadow, focusing on neglect, and that â€Å"guilty† feeling that seems to grip your body. A Direct Statement of Meaning: I concluded the first paragraph with †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" it dawned on me that like never before, my mind is perfectly clear and my thoughts absolutely focused.†Ã‚  Ã‚  

Federal Contracting Activities and Contract Types Research Paper

Federal Contracting Activities and Contract Types - Research Paper Example Many governments nevertheless have continued to use these machines. The Department of Defense plans to issue a $400,000 government contract to a company that specializes in drone navigation technologies. This paper will review two companies Lockheed Martin and Boeing Company. Further, it will determine which of the two should win the contract. In 1916, an idea to build a better airplane was conceived by William Edward Boeing in a boathouse on Seattle’s Lake Union when he assembled a group of expert to bring this dream to life. Today, the Boeing Company is the largest aerospace company in the world manufacturing commercial aircraft, satellites and military aircrafts. With over 145 countries as customers, the company boasts of over fifty billion dollars annual profits (Yenne, 2005). Currently, it is the leading contractor to the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). By the turn of the century, the company employed over 150,000 people in over 60 countries. Curr ently the company is headquartered in Chicago. Boeing Co. brings together five of the most influential corporations in aerospace history. This cooperation includes Hughes space and communication, McDonnell and Douglas, Boeing, North America aviation and North America Rockwell. McDonnell and Douglas had previously merged in 1967 while Hughes space and communication merged with Boeing Co. in 2000. Boeing’s business model is carried out by two major groups, Boeing commercial airplanes and integrated defense systems. The current chairman and CEO of the company is James McNerney. Lockheed Martin is an American security, advanced technology, defense and aerospace company founded in 1995 by the merger of Martin Marietta and Lockheed corporations. In 1996, it acquired Loral corporations. Its headquarters are in Maryland, Washington; currently, the company employees over one hundred thousand people in over five countries. Primarily, the company is involved in research, design, develop ment, manufacture, and sustainability of advanced technology systems. The journey of Lockheed Martin began in 1912 when Glen Martin founded the Glen L. Martin Company. From a rented church building, Glen built his first airplane. In the same year, Malcolm and Alan Lockheed established the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company. This company was later renamed the Lockheed Aircraft Company. Malcolm and Alan were competent mechanics who in their garage built seaplanes. Lockheed Martin Corporations grew from a church and a Garage. These were very humble beginnings but the founders were unrelenting and visionary men who saw a better future for their businesses. Lockheed Martin produces a number of aerospace and defense machines. Some of their several unmanned aero vehicles manufactures by Lockheed Martin include, K-max, tracer, stacker UAS, X56A, desert hawk III just to name but a few. In recent times, the Boeing Company has won a number of military contracts from several countries. In 1999, the B oeing Integrated Defense Systems was chosen to design and manufacture unmanned orbital vehicle. Boeing, Nasa and the US air Force jointly funded the project in a span of four years. The project cost was 194 million. In 2013, the Boeing Company in, St. Louis, Missouri was awarded a fifteen million firm-fixed-price contract by the US Navy. The contract was for

Historical Impact on Working Conditions (HR, Employee Labor and Research Paper - 1

Historical Impact on Working Conditions (HR, Employee Labor and Relations) - Research Paper Example The momentum of ‘cotton culture’ took off with deployment of large number of Black slaves. In 1790, it is estimated that 700,000 slave workers lived around Ohio River and Mason-Dixon Line (Reef, 2007, pp. XVI-XIX). Throughout eighteenth century, factories grew rapidly where profit was the chief motive. Without any legislation to protect workers rights, the situation was quite messy for laborers who often had to work 14 hours a day. Laborers often protested, but could not match the power of employers. In 1835, a strike was organized in Philadelphia for 10 hours in a day work. By the end of civil war, factories were more organized in technical terms with better equipments and tools. Coming up of railroads carried the next level of growth momentum. Yet, labors had little say on their workings. After the civil war, the struggle gained momentum from labors, though in unorganized and uncoordinated fashion. With little or no government assistance, it was tough to move forward (Reef, 2007, p. XIX). Although the term ‘collective bargaining’ was initially used in 1891 by economist Sidney Webb, it was introduced in raw form ever since the inception of trade unions soon after the post civil war period. Collective bargaining is a method of arbitration between firm and the agents of a unit of employees intended at arriving at deals that sets operational conditions. Collective agreements normally specify wage amounts, shift hours, training, security, extra hours pay, and rights to take part in factory or corporation issues. Working conditions slowly improved side-by-side with the growth of trade unions. Many labor legislations were passed that set standard rules for hiring and remunerating labors. The first key event in the US labor history was establishment of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1886. AFL ran on the form of ‘craft unions’ and was conservative in the sense that it did not challenge capitalism per se. Instead, it was

Main Cause of Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Main Cause of Murder - Essay Example The cultural beliefs about valor and patriotism can become a cause of murder in an indirect way. For example, a father has been described to feel proud about the death of his son for having, â€Å"died a martyr† (----, 57). It is observed that aggravated and simple assault can be considered as two reasons for murder though aggravated assault can be having an intention to kill while simple assault is considered as â€Å"a misdemeanor† (----, 57). An exploration of the factors that prompt murder thus will show that the reason for a person to murder can vary from psychological to circumstantial and accidental. And it can be naturally concluded that most murders are not planned ones. ---- has also cited alcoholism and extreme hot climate can become factors that motivate an assault which may lead to murder (57). The author (----) has also opined that poor people and black people are the groups whose members are most likely to commit murder (57). Such an argument immediately would invite allegations of extreme racial and class prejudices. Also, there has been no conclusive evidence also to prove that these assumptions are right. But the author has referred to studies which suggest that â€Å"poor generally consider violence a badge of toughness and masculinity† (----, 58).

The Calculation of the Federal Non-Refundable Tax Credit Assignment

The Calculation of the Federal Non-Refundable Tax Credit - Assignment Example She was originally married but later on divorced due to domestic violence. She is a Canadian citizen who lives in Ontario province, Toronto city 2 vines Avenue. She is blessed with four children born in 1990, 1993, 1997 and 2001 respectively. As per now, the client does not pay the family caregiving amount. She earns a basic employment income of $100000 with the following deductions: $3000 for elected split-pension, $4000 for the annual union for professionals as he is in a union of accountants union and $8700 for her children expenses. She has credits such as $4468 for two children whom he doesn’t claim for the family caregiver, $8548 for other two children who claim for family caregiver and $5120 for CPP contribution through payment from box 16 and box 17 of all T4 slips, $891.12 for employment premiums. He, however, pays $1117 for being a Canadian employer, $2500 for public transit, $3000 for children fitness, $1500 for children’s arts, $3500 for home buyer’s, $5200 for medical expenses for herself and her children. The client has got two more types of income which is interest on bond and dividends. In the case study, the client earns a salary of $100000 in 2012 and was not a member of DPSP and RPP so he is entitled to contribute (18%*100000) = $18000 as contribution limit but he contributed $1500 to a spousal RRSP in 2013. His earned income is sufficient for maximum $24270 as the deduction in the year 2013. He will contribute and deduct up to $16500 in 2013 (18000+ {18000-1500}) the RRSP contribution is recorded in line 129 Capital gains: in April 2013, the client owned 500MBF (1000 board) of wooden boards that lasted for more than a year. It had a depletion of $60 per MBF. She is a calendar year taxpayer. On January 1, 2013, the boards had a fair market value of $45 per MBF. She sold all of them in April. On her 2013 tax return, she elected to treat the cutting of timber as the exchange. We report the difference between client’s fair market value and her adjusted basis for depletion as a capital gain.  Ã‚  

Learning Skill Essay Example for Free

Learning Skill Essay Q1. Write an essay on why you decided to continue your tertiary education. In your answer also include why WOU was your choice of university. Everyone hope to live in better or luxury life, so do I. But holding only diploma in accounting would not grant me any further opportunity in the fact that nowadays the employers are so arduous and looking forward for more competent and capable candidate. Therefore I make up my mind to pursue higher education for a better career advancement and keep the skills and knowledge up to date. Continuing tertiary education can enhance my marketable skills. Advance to degree means that I learning new skills. A set of skills imparted from this course will help me in the current society. These skills also help me to perform better in my current career, make me more competitive and have the opportunity for promotions (Girl 2014). Tertiary education also increases my earning potential (Girl 2014). In the current career market, the higher your education, the higher your position and the higher your pay (Harrison 2013). From Jobstreet salary report, a finance manager earnings average from RM5,800 to RM8,600 per month (JobStreet. com 2014). In current economy, higher earning is important for a better living life. Continuing my education will gives me advanced knowledge about my area of study. From researching assignments and advanced courses, I will gain additional knowledge relates to my career. Learning from established experts, I will also earn a reputation as an expert in my field too (Harrison 2013). Choosing WOU as my choice as it suits for my part-time study and more flexible. It provides me to study online and have distance learning (University 2014). WOU cuts down my travelling time and cost and only attend classes once a month. I am able to choose the course and plan to study that suits my time that provided by WOU. Other than education, WOU is a place where I can enhance my professional skills and gaining knowledge from the lecturers and students which will makes me become a more valuable and marketable in my career. It is never too late to go back to study. I appreciates that WOU is one of the online study provider that let me study with ease and continuing my education which can fit my studies, working and social life. I can have a degree without having to commit to campus life and receive the degree from my home (Girl 2014).

National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Policies

National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Policies The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act of 2010 (Republic Act 10121) is an act strengthening the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan. Republic Act 10121 was signed by former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on the 27th of May, last year after the country was hard hit by typhoon Ondoy and Pepeng leaving the country with high death toll and millions of property losses. According to the law, Republic Act 10121 will provide for the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction and management, including good governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response and early recovery. After the 8.9 magnitude earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, Senator Juan Miguel Zubiri filed Resolution No.426 asking the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on Climate Change to determine the implementation of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act of 2010 , which calls for the development of a comprehensive program to mitigate the effects of natural calamities. In an interview with Senator Juan Miguel Zubiri, he said, Almost a year after the enactment of Republic Act No.10121 and with the recent natural calamities happening in the Asian region and nearby countries, it is timely for Congress and our people to be informed of the status and implementation of the countrys National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan. He further said that the Japan earthquake was preceded by a destructive 6.3 magnitude earthquake in Christ-church, New Zealand, thus, there are some who raised the possibility that a powerful earthquake happening in the Philippines could not be far behind. Senator Edgardo Angara also expressed his concern over the countrys ability to address a strong earthquake and tsunami at the same time. He also said that, We are fortunate to have not been severely affected by this catastrophe which has crippled Japan, despite all their measures to safeguard the people and the infrastructure. But what if we are not so lucky next time? The Philippines is not nearly as prepared. In view of challenges and risks that disasters pose in our society, a broader and more comprehensive response to changes prevailing in the country today can be achieved through the integration of the CNE (cultural-natural-economic) Model for sustainable development. The CNE model is a single integral unity of understanding not only of economics but also of its interface with ecology and sociology. Gonzales (2005) mentioned, in his in-depth study of the CNE model, that a balance between culture and nature is life giving and life nourishing. The economic system is primarily subsistence with no monetary type of transaction of persons and communities. There is a free flow of free goods from nature than economic goods from the marker system. This phenomenon is the dependency to Common Property Resource by communities. On the other, the non dependency to Common Property Resource by communities phenomenon showed rather different approach. The life giving forces of culture and nature have been threatened by imbalances in the system of society, ecology, and economy. There is perceived contradiction between traditions, industrial interest and survival. Economic system on the other end integrates a perceived conflict between subsistence and commercial activities. Statement of the Problem Past and current studies present a narrow perspective on the relationship of National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRMM) policies to culture, nature, and to the nations economy. In the Philippine setting, few studies were directed towards such studies. The inadequacy of existing literature in the Philippines directs us to assessing the degree of integration of the CNE Model in DRMM policies. Objectives of the Study General Objective: The study aims to assess the degree of integration of the CNE Model in the DRMM policies Specific Objectives: To determine if in the current DRRM policies, mechanism are in place to protect the cultural integrity of vulnerable population groups in the event of a disaster. To determine to what extent do programs on pre-disaster preparedness, response and post-disaster recovery work under the framework of environmental sustainability? To investigate if mechanism are in place to address economic recovery during post-disaster phase. Are there policies that make local economies resilient to the effects of disaster? To what extent are these policies implemented? Has there been an assessment of economic resiliency development in response to disaster? Review of Related Literature Disasters cause great damage by disrupting the functioning of a society thus rendering the country incapable of coping through using its own resources as there is a need for outsider assistance in order to effectively preserve lives and the environment. Conversely, Natural hazards are natural phenomena that are potential threats to people within a society, structures or economic assets and may cause disaster. Natural disasters are inevitable and ubiquitous worldwide, they are chiefly present in the forms of hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, droughts, and volcanoes. The great damages caused by natural disasters may be divided into three categories: social, economic and environmental. To name a few impacts of disaster are as follows: loss of lives and homelessness, disruption of communities, employment (social impact) process of money being diverted into relief activities and reconstruction, Gross Domestic Product (economic impacts), food shortage and the contamination of water, loss of homes (social impacts) and the overall impact on the economy as well as assistance received from outsiders (economic impacts). Impacts of Disaster on Culture/Society The social consequences of natural disasters can be far larger than the immediate physical effects of the disaster. Primary damage is the destruction of buildings and roads, and it is the most obvious form of consequence from natural disasters. Secondary, or social, consequences stem from the primary. The impact of natural disasters is strongly linked with social factors; for example, 90 percent of deaths from natural disasters occur in the developing world. The most obvious devastating effect of leaving people homeless, destruction of housing can have other major long-term impacts on a society. Health issues have short- and long-term consequences. In most countries of the developing world, the health care infrastructures are already poor, so they simply cannot cope with the strain on resources that natural disasters create. Education is one of the biggest losers in a natural disaster. Lack of access to education cannot be underestimated, as it prevents children from receiving adequa te training. Political instability can last for years after a natural disaster. In the developing world, where responses to natural disasters are limited by poor infrastructure, governments are often blamed for slow action. Political instability can lead to the breakdown of law, which again severely inhibits the recovery of the local economy, in terms of domestic trade and external investment. Impacts of Disaster on Nature/Environment The impacts of disasters, whether natural or man-made, not only have societal dimensions, but environmental ones as well. Environmental conditions may exacerbate the impact of a disaster, and vice versa, disasters have an impact on the environment. Deforestation, forest management practices, agriculture systems etc. can exacerbate the negative environmental impacts of a storm or typhoon, leading to landslides, flooding, silting and ground/surface water contamination. The majority of risks and vulnerabilities that humans are facing have environmental precedence, whether natural or built environments. Human production and consumption patterns lead to environmental degradation, which results in exacerbation of natural risks and hazards. Impacts of Disaster on Economy The impacts of natural disasters have historically been devastating on economies that do not move to offset these effects. The economy of the U.S. and Japan are unique in that disaster recovery plans are set up to help offset such economic impacts. Furthermore, both economies are resilient to such shocks given the expectations of such shocks to take place. Developing countries often do not share the same luxury and cannot avoid the long term economic impacts. The impacts in question are specifically reductions in aggregate supply and demand, with lower levels of output (income), causing price deflations and higher levels of unemployment. Furthermore, the Japanese government on Wednesday estimated the direct damage from a deadly earthquake and tsunami that struck the countrys northeast this month at as much as $310 billion, making it the worlds costliest natural disaster. Tokyo said the estimate covered damage to roads, homes, factories and other infrastructure, and eclipses the losses incurred by other natural disasters such as the 1995 Kobe quake and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Loayza et al (2011) research paper studies several such disasters in both developed and developing countries over the period 1961-2005 to determine their impact on growth. Their focus is on the impact of growth in the medium term, over five years. The researchers study four different types of natural disasters-droughts, floods, earthquakes and storms-and find that they affect economies differently. Droughts, for instance, have a negative impact on growth because they lower agricultural production, hamper the provision of raw materials for industry, and also affect electricity generation. Floods, if they do not last too long and are localized, can, however, have a positive effect on growth if they lead to higher agricultural production and greater electricity generation. But heres what the paper has to say about the effect of earthquakes: Earthquakes may have a positive impact on industrial growth. Although they severely affect both workers and capital, earthquakes particularly destro y buildings, infrastructure, and factories. The capital-worker ratio is then sharply diminished, the average (and marginal) product of capital increases, and output grows as the economy enters a cycle of reconstruction. Moreover, if destroyed capital is replaced by a vintage of better quality, factor productivity increases, leading to a further push to higher growth.Thats why most analysts (and there is no shortage of armchair analysts on natural disasters these days, they have mushroomed like radiation after a nuclear disaster) have said that while there will be a short-term negative impact on the Japanese economy, longer-term growth will be positive as reconstruction starts. Storms, on the other hand, have negative effects on agricultural growth, as crops are destroyed, but their impact on industrial growth is positive, again because of the destruction of capital, which has to be rebuilt later. The authors say that while droughts affect the greatest number of people, earthquakes c ause the most destruction. The results also depend on the severity of the natural disaster. The authors point out that while moderate earthquakes and storms can have a beneficial reconstruction effect on industrial growth, severe events are so devastating that the loss of capital cannot be compensated by increasing capacity, thus dissipating the potential gains. Overall, any potential positive effects on growth from natural disasters appear to disappear when natural disasters are extreme. And finally, the economies of developing countries are more affected by natural disasters than those of developed countries and the poor are affected the most. The study more or less confirms what is suggested by common sense. But perhaps the most worrying effect of the disaster in Japan has been the danger of radioactive leakage from nuclear plants. If this leads to a shift away from nuclear energy to oil, that could well have much more far-reaching impact, not only on the Japanese economy, but gl obally as well. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management on a Wider Perspective The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction System The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) is a system of partnerships. These partnerships are composed of a broad range of actors, all of which have essential roles to play in supporting nations and communities to reduce disaster risk. Partners include Governments, inter-governmental and nongovernmental organizations, international financial institutions, scientific and technical bodies and specialized networks as well as civil society and the private sector. The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction is the main forum for continued and concerted emphasis on disaster reduction, providing strategic guidance and coherence for implementing the Hyogo Framework, and for sharing experiences and expertise among all its stakeholders. A secretariat the UNISDR secretariat supports and assists the ISDR System in implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action. Purpose of the ISDR system The overall objective of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) system is to generate and support a global disaster risk reduction movement to reduce risk to disasters and to build a culture of prevention in society as part of sustainable development. In pursuit of this objective, the ISDR system supports nations and communities to implement the Hyogo Framework for Action through widened participation of Governments and organizations in the ISDR; raising the profile of disaster reduction in the priorities and programmes of organizations; and building a stronger, more systematic and coherent international effort to support national disaster reduction efforts. United Nations Development Programme (Disaster Reduction Unit) According to UNDP reducing the impact of natural disasters requires a comprehensive approach that accounts for the causes of a societys vulnerability to disasters. Not only must a comprehensive strategy be articulated, but the political will must be established to sustain new policies. The key elements of a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction consist of: Political will and governance aspects (policies, legal frameworks, resources and organizational structures) Risk identification (risk and impact assessment, early warning) Knowledge management (information management, communication, education training, public awareness, research) Risk management applications (environmental and natural resource management, social and economic development practices, physical and technical measures) Preparedness and emergency management Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in the Philippine Context Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them. United Nation agencies such as UNISDR and UNDP define it as The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development. DRR is such an all-embracing concept that it has proved difficult to define or explain in detail, although the broad idea is clear enough. Inevitably, there are different definitions of the term in the technical literature but it is generally understood to mean the broad development and application of policies, strategies and practices to minimise vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout society The term disaster risk management (DRM) is often used in the same context and to mean much the same thing: a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing risks of all kinds associated with hazards and human activities. It is more properly applied to the operational aspects of DRR: the practical implementation of DRR initiatives. Republic Act No.10121 defines DRR as the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) on the other hand is the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective disaster risk reduction and management refers to risk reduction and management activities that address and seek to avoid the development of new or increased disaster risks, especially if risk reduction policies are not put in place. Furthermore, the law provides for comprehensive, all hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction and management through the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF). The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) on the other hand shall provide for the identification of hazards, vulnerabilities and risks to be managed at the national level; disaster risk reduction and management approaches and strategies to be applied m managing said hazards and risks; agency roles, responsibilities and lines of authority at all government levels; and vertical and horizontal coordination of disaster risk reduction and management in the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases. It shall be in conformity with the NDRRMF. Among the policies of Republic Act No.10121 are as follows: (a) Uphold the peoples constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters, strengthening the countrys institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction and management and building the resilience of local communities to disasters including climate change impacts; (b) Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and standards of humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk reduction as concrete expression of the countrys commitment to overcome human sufferings due to recurring disasters; (c) Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk management in the creation and implementation of national, regional and local sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies, policies, plans and budgets; (d) Adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and all stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local community; (e) Develop, promote, and implement a comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) that aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government and the local government units (LGUs), together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of communities, and to institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities at all levels; (f) Adopt and implement a coherent, comprehensive, integrated, efficient and responsive disaster risk reduction program incorporated in the development plan at various levels of government adhering to the principles of good governance such as transparency and accountability within the context of poverty alleviation and environmental protection; (g) Mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development planning, budgeting, and governance, particularly in the areas of environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-use and urban planning, and public infrastructure and housing, among others; (h) Institutionalize the policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and programs with continuing budget appropriation on disaster risk reduction from national down to local levels towards building a disaster-resilient nation and communities; (i) Mainstream disaster risk reduction into the peace process and conflict resolution approaches in order to minimize loss of lives and damage to property, and ensure that communities in conflict zones can immediately go back to their normal lives during periods of intermittent conflicts; (j) Ensure that disaster risk reduction and climate change measures are gender responsive, sensitive to indigenous knowledge systems, and respectful of human rights; (k) Recognize the local risk patterns across the country and strengthen the capacity of LGUs for disaster risk reduction and management through decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the regional and local levels; (l) Recognize and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in mitigating and preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the impact of disasters; (m) Engage the participation of civil society organizations (CSOs), the private sector and volunteers in the governments disaster risk reduction programs towards complementation of resources and effective delivery of services to the Citizenry; (n) Develop and strengthen the capacities of vulnerable and marginalized groups to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of disasters; (o) Enhance and implement a program where humanitarian aid workers, communities, health professionals, government aid agencies, donors, and the media are educated and trained on how they can actively support breastfeeding before and during a disaster and/or an emergency; and (p) Provide maximum care, assistance and services to individuals and families affected by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects to lessen the impact of disaster, and facilitate resumption of normal social and economic activities. The CNE Model The CNE Model is the integration of the CNE (cultural-natural-economic) factors to sustainable development. The CNE model is a single integral unity of understanding not only of economics but also of its interface with ecology and sociology. Gonzales (2005) mentioned, in his in-depth study of the CNE model, that a balance between culture and nature is life giving and life nourishing. The economic system is primarily subsistence with no monetary type of transaction of persons and communities. There is a free flow of free goods from nature than economic goods from the marker system. This phenomenon is the dependency to Common Property Resource by communities. On the other, the non dependency to Common Property Resource by communities phenomenon showed rather different approach. The life giving forces of culture and nature have been threatened by imbalances in the system of society, ecology, and economy. There is perceived contradiction between traditions, industrial interest and survival. Economic system on the other end integrates a perceived conflict between subsistence and commercial activities. The integration of the CNE model to sustainable development can lead to an eagles view to the prevailing changes in the country today. It does not only focus on one aspect of the problem but sees the problem in a wider perspective. It also considers factors like culture, nature, and economy in order to create a more comprehensive approach to a countrys development and sustainability. There had been a lot of literature published with regards to DRRM but does not provide links with assessing the integration of the CNE Model to DRRM. There are studies assessing the integration of the environment to DRRM, as well as assessing the integration of the economy to DRRM, but does not encompass all the CNE factors. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework The Hyogo Framework for Action The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters was adopted at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18-22 January 2005. It provides a strategic and comprehensive global approach to reducing vulnerabilities to natural hazards, and represents a significant reorientation of attention toward the root causes of disaster risks, as an essential part of sustainable development, rather than on disaster response alone. It stresses the need for greater political commitment and public awareness, and defines an expected outcome, three strategic goals and five priority areas of action. The Frameworks implementation is identified as primarily the responsibility of States, but with the active participation of others such as local authorities, nongovernmental organizations, the scientific community and the private sector. Regional and international communities, including the international financial institutio ns, the UN system and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), are called on to provide an enabling environment and to support capacity development. The ISDR system undertakes international efforts to reduce disaster risk and includes Governments, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, international financial institutions, scientific and technical bodies, as well as civil society. The Hyogo Framework calls for the following priority actions: Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. (Planning, budgeting and implementing risk reduction policies to avoid settlement in hazardous areas and to ensure that hospitals and schools are hazard resistant, for example) Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. (Knowing the risks and taking action involves identifying, assessing and monitoring disaster risk and enhancing early warning) Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. (Raising awareness and educating all, through school curricula and sectoral training for instance, to reduce vulnerability) Reduce the underlying risk factors. (Reducing communities vulnerability and risk in sectors through land-use zoning and building codes, by protecting ecosystems and natural defences, and developing insurance and microfinance initiatives) Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels. (Being prepared and ready to act including by developing and testing contingency plans, establishing emergency funds and coordination systems) Results and Discussions Culture, nature, and economy factors of the CNE Model were considered in the formulation of the DRRM policies of the country. One of the policies explicitly state that the country will adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and all stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local community. In relation to the culture/social, the law integrated this factor by upholding the peoples constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters, and by adhering to and adopting the universal norms, principles and standards of humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk reduction as concrete expression of the countrys commitment to overcome human sufferings due to recurring disasters. Furthermore, the law integrated the culture factor to the DRRM policies by mainstream disaster risk reduction into the peace process and conflict resolution approaches in order to minimize loss of lives and damage to property, and ensure that communities in conflict zones can immediately go back to their normal lives during periods of intermittent conflicts, ensuring that disaster risk reduction and climate change measures are gender responsive, sensitive to indigenous knowledge systems, and respectful of human rights, by developing and strengthening the capacities of vulnerable and marginalized groups to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of disasters, by providing maximum care, assistance and services to individuals and families affected by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects to lessen the impact of disaster, and facilitate resumption of normal social and economic activities. The nature/environment factor on the other hand was the least integrated and considered in the DRRM policies. The only policy integrated this factor was mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development planning, budgeting, and governance, particularly in the areas of environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-use and urban planning, and public infrastructure and housing, among others. In the ISDR, the nature/environment factor was highly integrated and considered to DRRM policy making. ISDR stated that nature degradation plays a big role to natural disaster occurrences and natural disasters have great impact to environment. Lastly, the economic factor was also integrated in the DRRM policies by incorporating internationally accepted principles of disaster risk management in the creation and implementation of national, regional and local sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies, policies, plans and budgets. Integrating economic factor to DRRM policies though in the country was not that highly considered. Unlike for developed countries were economy was highly considered. There had been no policies making the local economies resilient the effects of disasters. Conclusions and Recommendations In can be concluded from the study that the CNE factors of the CNE Model to sustainability were integrated in the DRRM policies in the country, however the country put little emphasis on the integration of the nature/environment and economy factors. The CNE Model to sustainability suggests that all the three factors should be considered in DRRM policy making in order to encompass all the aspects needed. Specifically, the nature/environment and economic considerations should be integrated and emphasized in DRRM policies. For instance, DRRM policies should set forth mechanisms that promote and enhance the resiliency of nature/environment and local economies to disasters. Invest in natural resource management, infrastructure development, livelihood generation and social protection to reduce vulnerability and strengthen the resilience of rural livelihoods. Protect and enhance ecosystem services through mechanisms such as protected area

Determination of the End Point of the Acid Base Titration

Determination of the End Point of the Acid Base Titration Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Acids and Bases Properties of acid Strengths of Acids and Bases How to detect acid and Bases? pKa and Dissociation Equilibrium Equipment Procedure Results and conclusion Bibliography Introduction Acids and Bases Every liquid we see will probably have either basic or acidic properties. Water can be a base and acid, it depends on the reaction you add with water. It can be a base in some reaction and an acid in some reactions. Also water can react with itself to form bases and acids but it happens in small quantities so it will not change your experiments. 2H2O > H3O++ OH- The hydrogen ion was transferred to form Hydronium ion. The negative and positive ions in water are equal and cancel each other. Most of water we drink from the tap has others ions in it. Those ions in solution make something basic or acidic. For example, in our Bodies, there are small compounds called amino acids and in fruits there something called citric acid. According to Santà © Arrhenius, in 1887, he came up with new definitions of acids and bases. He said when we mix water to molecules , they break down and gives a hydrogen ion and at another times it gives hydroxide. In general, a hydrogen positive ion is released, the acidic solution increases. When a hydroxide ion is released, the solution become base For example HA +H2O H3O + + A Hydronium ion is formed and it is acid. That hydrogen ion is the reason it is called an acid. Chemists use the word dissociated to describe the breakup of a compound Properties of acid Acids taste sour Acids react strongly with metals (Zn + HCl) Strong Acids are dangerous and can burn your skin Bases Bases are ionic compounds that break apart to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-) in water. The strength of a base is determined by the concentration of Hydroxide ions (OH-). The greater of the concentration of OH ions the stronger the base. Example: NaOH in water NaOH Na+ + OH Strengths of Acids and Bases Strong Acids and Weak Acids: Strength of acid is related to ionization of acids in water. Some of the acids can ionize 100 % in water solutions; we call them strong acids. HCL are examples of strong acids.in other hand, some of the acids cannot ionize like strong acids. We call acids partially ionize in solutions weak acid. CH3COOH, HF, H2CO3 are examples of weak acid that partially ionize in solution Strong and Weak Bases: Bases ionize completely in solutions are called strong bases. NaOH and bases including OH- ion are strong bases. Bases that ionize partially in solutions are called weak bases. For example [ NH3] Ionization of Water: Water ionizes gives: H2O(l) ↔ H+(aq) + OH(aq) In pure water concentrations of H+ and OH ions are equal to each other and at 25 °, they have concentration 110-7 M. then concentration of ion in pure water is too low, it is a bad electric conductor. As in the case of pure water mediums having [H+] = [OH] concentration are called neutral mediums. In water solutions multiplication of [H+] and [OH] is constant and at 25 0C it is 110-14. This number is also called ionization constant of pure water. If concentration of [H+] ions equal [OH-]= 10 -7M, then solution is neutral. If concentration of [H+] ions > [OH-] or [H+] > 10 -7M and [OH-] -7 M, then solution is acidic. If concentration of [OH-] ions > [H+] or [H+] -7 M and [OH-] > 10-7 M, then solution is basic. How to detect acid and Bases? Scientists use something called pH scale to measure how basic or acidic the liquid is. Also there are many types of ions in a solution, pH focus on concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. The scale measures values from 0 to 14. Distilled water is 7 in the middle. The strength of an acid or base in a solution is measured on a scale called a pH scale. Any pH number greater than 7 is considered a base and any pH number less than 7 is considered an acid. 0 is the strongest acid and 14 is the strongest base. The acid strength depends on the concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution. The greater and more hydrogen ions is the stronger acids likes Hydrochloric acid HCL and Sulphuric acid. pH=-log[H+] and pOH=-log[OH-] If 7>pH>0 acidic solution If 14>pH>7 basic solution If pH=7 neutral solution pKa and Dissociation Equilibrium 1. pH When acids is added to water, the pH scale decreases. The acidity of a solution is examined by the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]), where pH provides a simple index for expressing the [H+] level., when pH is small which means that the smaller the number of pH , the stronger acid. pH=-log10[H] pKa and Dissociation Equilibrium Strong acid , which they are dissociate in solution, and weak acids that partially dissociate in solution. When dissociation of strong acid happens, it gives a proton In which make the solution more acidic, However, weak acids have a dissociated state (A-) and undissociated state (AH) that appears according to the following dissociation equilibrium equation. AH A + H+ . The definition of Ka is Ka= The brackets of the product to the brackets of the reactants pKa was introduced as an index to express the acidity of weak acids, where pKa is defined as follows. pKa= log10Ka Relation between Ka and Pka , it is inversely proportional so when ka is high which means storng acid which means pKa is low and vice versa Equipment Burette Beaker Magnetic stirrer Ph meter Acid and Bases Pure water Procedure Clean all equipment in order to get accurate conductivity Add some of NaOH into the receiving cup and then add slightly 1 ml of HCL and make sure you adding the receiving cup on the magnetic stirrer Repeat this steps to get the conductivity from volume 0 ml to 17 ml Get titration curve ,the differential curve and the end point For CH3COOH + NaOH We will make same steps and record the conductivity pH Results and conclusion NaOH + HCL Results of volume of HCL and the conductivity Ml pH is clear that end point occurs at 10 ml of HCL which pH drops to 6.34 Titration curve Differential curve Ch3COOH +Naoh It is clear that end point at 10 ml of Naoh the end point occur , the ph difference is very big Titration curve Differential curve Bibliography http://www.chemistrytutorials.org/content/acids-and-bases/ph-poh-and-ionization-of-water/58-acids-and-bases-cheat-sheet http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Chem_AcidsBasespHScale.shtml http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/erlinger/water/background/ph.html http://www.humboldtmfg.com/graduated_glass_beaker.html http://www.shimadzu.com/an/hplc/support/lib/lctalk/29/29intro.html https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/acids-and-bases/strength-of-acids/the-acid-dissociation-constant/ http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Acid_dissociation_constant.html

Finding Mass Using The Inertial Balance :: essays research papers

Finding Mass Using the Inertial Balance Theory: Physics can be referred to as the study of various properties of matter and energy. Matter can best be described by looking at the mass of an object. Mass is the amount of material that is in an object. Mass can be found by using a spring scale, a balance scale, or an inertial balance. Inertia is the resistance by mass to any change in its state of motion. Scientific Law states that mass and inertial forces are directly proportional. The purpose of the inertial balance is to measure the different inertias between different masses therefore providing a mathematical and very accurate method of measuring mass. Experimentation showed that if a mass was put into some form of periodic motion, the mass could be measured fairly accurately by measuring the oscillation period and comparing it to a known mass period. The relationship m1=m2T12/T22 was discovered. Objective: After completing the experiment, we will be able to find the mass of objects using an inertial balance and compare them to accepted measures. Materials: C-clamps, inertial scale, a watch with a second hand, and a triple beam balance. Procedure: 1) The class will measure the period of oscillation of their balance pans when they are empty. The accepted period will be the average of the class. To find the period, you will measure the amount of time it takes for your balance to complete 20 oscillations. The period (T) will be computed by taking your time and dividing it by 20. This will be recorded as T2. 2) You will then measure the mass of your empty pan (including all screws) and record this as m2. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You will then measure the mass of one c-clamp. Record this as m1 accepted. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the inertial balance, find the time it would take for 20 oscillations of the c-clamp (which should be attached to the empty pan). Divide your time by 20 and record this as T1. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find the experimental mass of both the c-clamp and the empty pan by using the formula from page one. Record this as mtotal. 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find the difference between the mtotal and m2 and record this as m1experimental. 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a utopian world, m1 experimental should equal m1 accepted. 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find your percent error by using the following formula: % Error = (accepted-experimental) / accepted 9)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Repeat using varying amounts of c-clamps for up to three trials. Data: Trial #  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  T2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  M2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  M1 accepted  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  T1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mtotal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  M1 experimental 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  67.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  122.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  152  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  84.1 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  67.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  248.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  207.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  140 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  67.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  382  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .45  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  393.74  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  275.84 M1 accepted  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  M1 experimental  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  % Error 122.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  84.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  31.6% 248.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  140  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  43.6% 382  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  275.48  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27.88% Calculations: See last page.

Creative Intelligence of Walt Disney :: Cartoons Movies Animation Essays

Creative Intelligence of Walt Disney Creative intelligence comes in many different forms, with makers and masters leading the way. Walt Disney was both a maker and a master of visual/spatial intelligence. Our class and creativity experts have agreed that if something is creative then it has to be novel and of high quality. Walt Disney’s artwork and animation certainly were. For example, he produced the first full-length animated musical feature film and the first full-color television programming, among other things (â€Å"Walt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Walt Disney has been a huge part of my limited artistic life. I wish I had even a hundredth of his talent! But unfortunately I hate doing arts and crafts and have no talent or patience for them. So Walt Disney is not a model for what I want to do with my life. But I do enjoy art for entertainment, especially cartoons, and greatly admire Walt Disney for his creative genius. He not only created and drew Mickey Mouse, but he also did his voice. It amazes me how someone could be that good at art. Not only does his work have great aesthetic beauty but it also invokes great emotion too. In grade school I hated art class but any art projects that could possibly be influenced by his works were because I love his animation. My favorite movies were always Walt Disney Pictures, especially the animated ones. His animation seems so real it is almost like you can become a part of it. And because my family and I go to Walt Disney World every year I have grown up experiencing his works in real life and have enjoyed every minute of it. No matter how many times I see a work it is always as enjoyable as the first time I saw it, if not more so. I could never grow tired of a work by Walt Disney. I know I will enjoy his creations even when I am an old lady. Relation between the Child and the Adult Creator: Walt Disney showed very early interests in art and drawing. By the age of seven Walt would sell his drawings and small sketches to his neighbors to make some extra money. One interesting story about his creativity that I come across every time I write a paper about Walt Disney is when Walt convinced his sister Ruth to help him paint the side of their house with tar.

Baz luhrmann’s interpretation of Romeo and Juliet Essay

Shakespeare uses a prologue at the start of his play for a number of reasons. Firstly, it acts as an introduction to the story. We learn about the rivalry between the two families, †Ancient Grudge† it also makes clear that it is a tragic story of two †star – cross’d lovers † who are destined to die because of their families hatred. The prologue is like the opening to a film because both need to grab your attention. The setting of Baz Luhrmann’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is in the west coast of America, in a setting, which he calls Verona Beach. However this is not true as the beach’s real name is Venice Beach but the reason why he uses this is because it reminds everyone where William Shakespeare actually set the play, he set the play in Verona so by changing the name he has made quite a remarkable thing by making sure everyone knows where it is set. The other reasons why he filmed ‘Romeo and Juliet’ in the west coast of America is because Los Angeles is a big city just like Verona and because there is also a lot of violence and gangs in Los Angeles just like Verona. The types of film Baz Luhrmann used in the prologue are TV news style footage showing you how much of their fighting is causing their city to be more violent, as well as this they are trying to say that what is happening between the Montague’s and the Capulet’s has an effect on the rest of the city. By doing the prologue, as TV news footage is a clever thing to do, as it is an original idea and by doing it in this way it will keep the audience hooked to the rest of the movie. Another reason why Baz Luhrmann used TV news footage is because it shows the violence in Verona. When the camera shakes, the jumpy effect makes you think the violence is real and also is very dangerous. This makes the audience hooked to the movie. The director uses a voice over to read out the prologue. The actor reading the prologue played the priest. The priest Friar Lawrence is appropriate because he knows both sides of the story. His voice is deep, sorrowful and sad. His tone of voice is meant to be serious so everyone will be influenced by what he says about the circumstances surrounding the storyline and take him seriously. Also by making the priest read the prologue it shows that he is aware of the situation surrounding both the families and the effect it has on the rest of the city and the seriousness of the situation. Not only did they use a voice over, they used captions with bold letters and people shouting to grab our attention. This keeps us hooked and willing to watch the rest of the movie. He says this in a deep American accent, although as we know, he is not really an American but an Englishman. Luhrmann uses some interesting shots in the opening sequences, such as close-ups, because it is important as it shows their facial expression and the body language used, making it more realistic and interesting, thereby attaining the interest of the audience. He also uses long shots (establishing shots) to show the whole city from the helicopter as it gives an overall view of what is happening in the city as a whole, focusing your attention to different parts of the city. He uses medium shots because it is ideal for introducing characters as it concentrates on how they appear on first sight and the impact they have on the audience. He uses high angle shots so that you can see what is going on like a birds eye view, showing a character in proportion and comparison to the rest of the city. He also zooms into the statue of Christ and the two buildings to show how important they are and to make them stand out from the rest of the city, by attracting the attention of the audience and thereby making them focus on the zoomed objects, giving them the utmost importance. He also uses fades and cuts. Fades are when the scene goes black. Fades are to close the scene and go on to another part of the story. Cuts are used to show what may be happening in another part of the story, maybe at the same time of the scene that has just been showed. He also uses freeze frames. One example of a freeze frame was in the scene of the Montague boys, when the characters are still for some time. He also uses wipes to speed up the scenes from the film. The reasons he used these effects could be because they make the story faster and more intense, and tries to show how different the atmosphere in certain scenes are. Baz Luhrmann used operatic and church music as well as dramatic and religious music, because they all tie in with ideas of fate etc. This music is ancient like the families and the story. When the Montague boys come they have different music. They use rap style music to show that they are young and modern and part of a gang. Luhrmann uses different sound effects like gunshots, fires, helicopters, brakes and loud music when they show the Montague boys. The reason why he uses these is because this is meant to be a tense city with a lot of violence and by showing it like this he is to make the audience feel like it still happens in modern times. The director uses images and symbols to focus on emphasizing peace and religion. He uses a statue of Christ because it shows everyone what it represents. The statue represents peace and refers to the Catholic religion. By doing this, they are trying to make the viewer think that Verona needs peace. He also emphasizes on the two towers, because they show the rivalry between Montague and Capulet and the wealth of the families. It also represents both families having a say about what happens in the city. He also uses fire as a symbol, as fire represents danger, death and hell. Everything that is happening in Verona is due to the families. He also uses passion as a symbol, because as we know, passion is the theme of the story throughout as both ‘Romeo and Juliet’ are madly in love. In conclusion, it is clear to see that the director is trying to open the play up to a more modern audience such as teenagers. He has made it appealing to the young target audience by hiring young attractive actors to play Romeo and Juliet. He also uses flashy equipment such as guns and cars to make the story appear more modern and to try to attract the young audience. He also uses different music to show the personality, e. g. when the Montague boys come, the music changes to rap music, as they are young and modern. Lurhmann also uses different styles like exciting visual tricks to attract their attention.

Corporation: Weekly Reflection Essay

3.1 Differentiate types of pedigrees issued by associations.The aggroup reason issue that the different types of pedigrees issued by a corporation ar common nervous strain, preferred stock, and exchequer stock. Everyone is awargon that common stock gives stockholders the dependable to vote on actions dealing with corporate earnings through the acquisition of dividends, and property the same percentage of bundles when new stocks are issued. Preferred stocks are additional course of study of stocks issued by corporations to appeal to more investors. exchequer stock is stock that a alliance has issued, and then reacquires. Though everyone is aware of what types of stocks are issued by corporations, at that place are even so some areas where team subdivisions expressed nonetheless being confused.One of those areas of concern deals with original stock and why companies do non put a par evaluate on a stock to checker its pry. Another area of confusion deals with tr easury stock and grasping the concept. In tattle to each extremitys physical composition and the issuance of stock, everyone expect for one team instalment works for a non-profit scheme or a go with that does not issue stock. The one member, however, works for an skyway and expressed that the company, United Airlines, has common and treasury stocks (United Continental Holdings, Inc., 2010).3.2 Calculate stocks, dividends, and stock splits.For nonsubjective 3.2, some team members seem to guess punter than others, what is involved in the figuring of stocks, dividends, and stock splits. Stock is draw a bead ond by subtracting the dividends of a certain stock from the companys net income, then dividing that fare by the number of outstanding shares. To calculate dividends multiply the number of shares by the yearbook dividend to find out how much the dividend allowance will be, find the yield on investment a dividend payment represents by multiplying the dividend by the amo unt paid per share of stock, Calculate the dividend-payment ratio, and then figure out the dividend cover (earnings per share divided by the dividend) (Adkins, 2009-2013).As expressed early, more than not, members had a problem grasping the premise to sharp stock. In relation to each members employer organization, three of five spend a penny not had dealings with stock or they are not aware of the direct actions their company takes when it comes to calculating stocks, dividends, or stock splits. One member did however honor investing in stock indexes not including the organization she works for. Another member shared how he was able to very view an investment split which helped him better understand.3.3 Record treasury stock transactions.This purpose seems to be the most confusing for the team. It is soundless by all members that treasury stock is stock that has been issued by an organization, and then reacquired. However, there is still confusion about appreciation the conc ept behind it. One member did express that her organization buys treasury stock to help cover them in situations such as the fluctuation of the economy. They would also evaluate to sell the stock for equal value so more people would wish to invest.ReferencesAdkins, W. D. (2009-2013). How to Calculate a Dividend Payment. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/how_4811547_calculate-dividend-payment.htmlixzz2Hl8TtOw4 United Continental Holdings, Inc. (2010). Annual Report. Retrieved from http//ir.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=83680&p=irol-SECText&text=aHR0cDovL2FwaS50ZW5rd2l6YXJkLmNvbS9maWxpbmcueG1sP2lwYWdlPTgwODYzNjMmRFNFUT0wJlNFUT0wJlNRREVTQz1TRUNUSU9OX0VOVElSRSZzdWJzaWQ9NTc%3d Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2010). Financial accounting (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook database

Branches of Philosophy

Branches of ism Professor John Wise Ameri give the sack Intercontinental University Thesis This essay honk with answer diverse headers to the six limbes of Philosophy. The beginninges argon Metaphysics-is whateverthing real? Epistemology-How do we know? Ethics-What is thus far off or wrong? aesthetics- Is something beautiful? Political- What establishment is best? And genial- How should we act in in nightclub. Six Branches of Philosophy There ar six fall apartes of philosophy. There is Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Aesthetics, Political, and Social. individu in ally branch pick ups us every(prenominal) particularized graphic symbols of questions that we ask ourselves each and every day.Some of these questions we ask without even realizing that we become d mavin so. Metaphysics is the first branch of Philosophy in this discussion. This asks the question of what is real. At an early age we argon taught that on that point is a heaven and e contrivanceh. At p olar times we ask ourselves is there real a heaven. Based on what we argon taught I deal there is a heaven and that there volition convey a time in our sp skilfulliness that we willing be in the frame give rised by divinity fudge called heaven. According to the bible, God created man from the dust of the earth. We stand firm in the physical humankind and the spiritual world depends on each persons spiritual belief.I swear each one of us has a soul. I believe the soul stays around love ones until the day of reckoning. I believe all spate have free will but dissentent circumstances check out what happens to us thru fate. The psychological world I believe consists of our mind and the world that we chose to create for ourselves to live in. The Epistemology branch asks us the question of how is anything known. Things that are known are taught to us from our parents and by teachers in school. We are taught polar things thru text books and by experience.Thru different experi ences we contemplate how to conduct ourselves around other spate and we gain knowledge by examine the different works of scientists and scholars. There are not any limits to human understanding. each persons understanding depends on them. Some the great unwashed understand things otherwise than others and each persons limits differ from others. I dont believe there is a relationship amongst faith and reason. Faith goes along with moral philosophy and morals. I dont full understand what artificial intelligence is. The future(a) branch of philosophy is the Ethics branch.We are taught from an early age the difference of right and wrong. Laws tell us what is or isnt right and as humans if we dangling these laws we are punished. To me macrocosm a comfortably person means to follow the prosperous rule Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. I believe that impartiality does lead to happiness. If you do what is right by others therefore others will have the vogue to follow your lead. I believe society carry ons morality. This all depends on the circumstances in which you live. If you live in an area that has a lot of crime and hatred and so you have the tendency to follow others in that area.If you set high moral standards for yourself then no matter where you live or the types of community you are surrounded with wont affect you. I count on that morality is more than culture based. each(prenominal) person has to cull how they apply the morals they are taught at an early age to their adult lives. Each person has different morals that they live by and have to decide how these will be applied. The next branch of philosophy we are going to discuss is the Aesthetics branch. This brings up the question of what is beautiful. In my aspect lulu is in the eye of the percipient and each culture has what they regard as to what is beautiful.Art depicts the actors feelings or ideas as to what they believe witness is. Art can be successful and va luable to the creator and also to the person that enjoys different art forms. To one person a patch of art might have beauty to it and to another person it might be well(p) horrendous. So therefore beauty in art may or may not matter to all people. The next topic is the political branch of philosophy. I believe the best type of government is the democratic government. This form of government, people do have a fine voice in different matters.I think the government should have limited mightiness and that the government should listen to the common people as to what the involve of the population are. I believe that if the common person had the ability to be more involved in the government of today then the take of the common person would be make possible thru a vast mass voice. The last branch of discussion is the Social branch. I believe this branch is determine thru the ethics branch of philosophy. People shouldnt have to give up rights just to live in a specific society. We should be able to live our lives the expressive style we now and by the morals and ethics we have built for ourselves.I think some people act according to the surroundings they are in at different times. With many different cultures of society today, I believe there is a mountainous words barrier. With all the different cultures communications has become a big issue. Each culture believes that their style should be the language spoken. I believe that there needs to be one universal language spoken and then different societies of people wouldnt feel as if they were being mistreated or neglected.Reference Baird, F. E. , amp Kaufmann, W. E. (2000). antediluvian patriarch philosophy. Upper Saddle River, NJ apprentice Hall. M. U. S. E. My Unique Student Expeience

Thin Film Solar Cell

Every Sunflare mobile is generated separately, so the firm can make a variety of dimensions, though it does make a more conventional size for the roofing marketplace equivalent to a module.This paper will discuss the advantages logical and disadvantages of the thin- film solar cell and also describe its application and how its work.Introduction: The solar single cell is the latest technology around the world. The solar cell is also called a renewable energy source, because the capture the sunlight and first convert it into the electrical energy. There are different types of solar cells, but the most important one is a thin- film solar cell.Clearly, the late little cell in a calculator isnt big and bulky.Solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, usually silicon. The making process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified silicon crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving gradual heating and cooling. Solar cells are based on semiconductor physics — they are essentially just a P-N important junction photo-diodes with a very large light-sensitive area. Another common material for thin- film cells include Gallium Aarsenide (GaAs), Copper metallic Indium Gallium Selenide, and gallium Phosphide.

They are the most essential quality of a panel.We use solar great power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can political power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are used for small evices. The Solar single cell technology research is continuing to create low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some many countries do not have oil or do not have enough political and economic political power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunlight than others.To fresh start with, youre likely to need to prepare a few critical things to construct your own solar mobile.4%.The german Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material.

Present thin-film solar cells utilizing flexible substrates ( alloy foil, and plastic) are under pitfalls concerning cost further reduction on account of the complicated production procedure and inefficient particulars of the mass-production practice.There are four different types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. metallic Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 3.It is truly.The main difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar single cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the different layer as is shown as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to create a greater surface large area for sunlight absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to common use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our log normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator.

The technologies best can be implemented utilizing an assortment of semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium.Silicon wafer and thin-film solar single cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar single cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar red cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light.Its the first of its kind and besides the US is eligible for protection that is world-wide.The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ways , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and see also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major different types of thin-film solar cell. 1.

Each of the thin-film technologies also give the prospect of ubiquity.The first problem is, silicon is very hard to how find the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The second thing is, this new type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb bright sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consuming devices.Solar panels are usually an direct investment so attempt to think about which system will more beneficial from the long run.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. Less thinner than crystalline solar cell. It can be as thin .

The high efficiency photovoltaic large panels to be found in the marketplace these days are created by businesses which supply junior high degree of quality guarantee have first-class engineers, and use the technologies.Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged dry mounting system with tilt at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.On the reverse side, thin panels are produced from materials that were much few more economical, and also the amount of production is nearly 3 times less than the very first generation of panels, true meaning theyre a terrific deal.Table (2) Condition| Crystalline Efficiency Drop| Light San Francisco fog| 8%-15%| Heavy San Francisco fog| 15%-20%| Cloudy & raining| 20% – 50%| Heavy cloudy & raining| 50% – 90%| 2. They have complex structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique installation skills.